Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are both lifelong conditions that cause inflammation in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Both conditions are characterized by flare-ups and periods of remission. Although the cause is unknown, they are autoimmune-related diseases that can stem from both abnormal immune response and genetics.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that approximately 3.1 million Americans suffer from inflammatory bowel disease.

Crohn’s disease typically affects the lower section of the small intestine and the upper part of the large intestine. However, it can occur anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis usually occurs in the large intestine and rectum. Both diseases can normally be controlled with medication, but surgery may be required in severe cases.

 

Signs & Symptoms Of Crohn’s & Colitis

Many of the same symptoms occur in both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, including abdominal pain and cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and blood in the stool. Urgency to defecate or false urges to have a bowel movement with rectal pain are more common in ulcerative colitis. Fever, reduced appetite and mouth sores occur more commonly in Crohn’s disease.

Risk Factors For Crohn’s & Colitis

Most of the risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease are unavoidable, with smoking and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication use being the only controllable risk factors. Generally, Crohn’s and colitis occur most often before the age of 30 and in white people. Those with a family history of inflammatory bowel disease are also at a higher risk.

Treatment For Crohn’s & Colitis

As there is currently no cure, treatment is aimed at reducing inflammation to induce remission and prevent complications. For most patients, treatment involves a combination of medication with diet and lifestyle modifications. Medications include immune system suppressors, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, biologics, antibiotics, and non-prescription medications and supplements. Some patients may also require short-term nutritional therapy. Surgery may be required in more serious cases or if complications develop.

Managing Crohn’s & Colitis

Inflammatory bowel disease requires lifelong management during both flare-ups and times of remission. Although the cause of flare-ups may not always be known, common triggers include:

  • Certain medications, including antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • IBD medication changes
  • Dietary changes
  • Stress
  • Infections

Tips for people living with inflammatory bowel disease include the following:

  • Avoid NSAIDs.
  • Don’t smoke.
  • Take medications as prescribed.
  • Track the foods you eat and symptoms to identify triggers.
  • Manage stress.
  • Eat a healthy, balanced diet. Avoid known triggers, and take nutritional supplements if needed.
  • Get regular checkups, and see your doctor promptly when a flare-up occurs.

The team at GastroIntestinal Specialists, A.M.C. treats multiple conditions and diseases of the GI tract. Our Board-certified physicians have more than 150 years of combined experience in providing quality care that you can trust. To schedule an appointment, call (318) 631-9121, or click here.