ERCP is one of the most technically demanding and high-risk procedures performed by GI endoscopists. It requires significant focused training and experience to maximize success and to minimize poor outcomes. ERCP has evolved from a purely diagnostic to a predominantly therapeutic procedure. ERCP and its ancillary interventions are effective in the non surgical management of a variety of pancreaticobiliary disorders, most commonly the removal of bile duct stones and relief of malignant obstructive jaundice. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (or ASGE) has published specific criteria for training and granting of clinical privileges for ERCP, which detail the many skills that must be developed to perform this procedure in clinical practice with high quality. EUS has become integral to the diagnosis and staging of GI and mediastinal mass lesions and conditions. EUS-guided FNA and FNB (or fine needle aspiration and fine needle biopsy) enables for sampling to further analyze these conditions.