Maintaining good gut health during pregnancy is critical for the well-being of the mother and the healthy development of the baby. In addition to keeping the mom and baby in good health during pregnancy, a healthy digestive system can help combat the common gastrointestinal (GI) complaints that affect many women during pregnancy. 

Importance Of Gut Health During Pregnancy

Because nutrients are absorbed through the digestive system, a healthy gut is essential to making sure that both mother and baby are receiving proper nutrition. It is also crucial for immune health. The majority of the body’s immune cells are located in the gut. Additionally, good gut health may also help lessen some symptoms caused by pregnancy. Last but not least, the maternal microbiome plays a role in the baby’s health after birth.

How Does Pregnancy Affect The GI Tract?

During pregnancy, the digestive system is affected by hormones and the increased size of the uterus as the baby grows. Hormones can cause nausea, appetite changes, slowed digestion and other symptoms. Those symptoms may be worse during the first trimester. Digestive issues from the growing fetus can increase during the latter part of the pregnancy as the uterus presses into the intestines.

The symptoms experienced during pregnancy can include:

  • Morning sickness (nausea and/or vomiting)
  • Heartburn
  • Appetite changes (increased hunger, cravings, decreased appetite and aversions to certain foods)
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Gas
  • Bloating
  • Worsening of existing conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Although not as common as morning sickness, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a type of severe and persistent nausea and vomiting that can lead to dehydration and other complications if left untreated. Women experiencing severe symptoms should see their healthcare provider. 

 

How To Support GI Health During Pregnancy

There are several ways to support the digestive system during pregnancy to maintain health and help alleviate gastrointestinal issues.

  • Diet: Eat a high-fiber diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables and grains to help keep bowel movements regular. Add probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir and other fermented foods to aid your gut health. Eating smaller meals may help manage digestive complaints.
  • Stay Hydrated: Getting enough water is necessary to avoid gastrointestinal issues. Drink plenty of water, especially if you are losing fluids through vomiting or diarrhea.
  • Exercise Regularly: Staying active will help keep your digestive system moving, as well as aid in your overall health and well-being.
  • Get Enough Sleep: Poor sleep can significantly impact microbiome health and digestion. Prioritize getting enough sleep. If you struggle with getting to sleep or staying asleep, try introducing a consistent sleep routine.
  • Manage Stress: Keep your stress levels as low as possible. Stress can cause or worsen gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Medications: Always check with your doctor before taking any “over the counter” medications. If your symptoms are persistent, make an appointment. Your physician may also prescribe medications to manage severe symptoms.

Digestive upsets are common during pregnancy. Making healthy lifestyle habits can help reduce symptoms while supporting the health of you and your baby. If your symptoms are persistent or severe, you should see your doctor.

The team at GastroIntestinal Specialists, A.M.C., treats multiple conditions and diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Our board-certified physicians have more than 150 years of combined experience in providing quality care you can trust. To schedule an appointment, call (318) 631-9121 or visit gis.md.